A pulsation dampener, also known as a pulsation dampener or pulsation dampener vessel, is a device used in fluid systems to reduce pressure fluctuations or pulsations caused by reciprocating pumps, compressors, or other pulsating flow sources. It is designed to absorb or dampen the rapid pressure fluctuations, thereby providing a more stable and uniform flow.

Pulsation dampeners are commonly used in various industries where precise and consistent fluid flow is critical. They can be found in applications such as oil and gas pipelines, chemical processing plants, water treatment systems, and hydraulic systems.

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The primary function of a pulsation dampener is to reduce the impact of pressure pulsations on the system, which can have several benefits, including:

  • Smooth Flow: By adsorbing the pressure surges or fluctuation, a pulsation dampener helps to maintain a more uniform flow interruptions or disruptions in the process.
  • System Protection: Pressure pulsation can cause damage to system components, such as pumps, valves, pipelines, by subjecting them to excessive stress or fatigue. The dampener helps protect these components by minimizing the amplitude of pressure fluctuations.
  • Noise and Vibration Reduction: Pulsating flows can generate noise and vibration, which can be undesirable and lead to operational issues or discomfort for workers. The dampener helps in attenuating these effects, resulting in a quieter and smoother operation.

Basic design of a Pulsation Dampener

The basic design of a pulsation dampener typically consists of a pressure vessel with an elastomeric or gas-filled bladder inside. When the pulsating flow enters the dampener, the bladder compresses and expands, absorbing the excess pressure during high-pressure peaks and releasing it during low-pressure troughs. This action helps to sampan the pressure fluctuations and maintain a more constant flow downstream.

It is worth noting that the specific design and construction of pulsation dampeners can vary depending on the application and the requirements of the system. Different types of dampeners, such as bladder-type dampeners, diaphragm-type dampeners, or piston-type dampeners, maybe be used based on the characteristic of the fluid and the operating conditions.

Benefits of using Pulsation Dampener in Metering Pump

Metering pumps, also known as dosing pumps, are designed to pump a precise volume of fluid in a controlled fashion. They typically operated in a reciprocating manner, which can produce pulsating flow. Pulsation dampeners can significantly help in improving the efficiency and reliably of the pumps.

  • Smooth Flow: Metering pumps are precision devices designed to deliver a consistent amount of fluid. Without a pulsation dampener, the pump's natural reciprocating action can create pulsations in the flow, leading to inconsistencies in the delivered volume. By dampening these pulsations, the dampener ensures that the metering pump delivers a more uniform flow.
  • Protect System Components: Pulsations can put undue stress on various system components like tubing, gauges, and the pump itself. Over time, these stresses can lead to premature wear and potential failures. A pulsation dampener can absorb these fluctuations, thus increasing the lifespan of these components.
  • Decrease Mechanical Vibration and Noise: The pulsations produced by metering pumps can also lead to mechanical vibrations and increased noise levels. By mitigating these pulsations, the dampener can reduce noise and vibration, leading to a quieter and more stable operation.
  • Enhance Measurement Accuracy: In systems where the fluid being pumped is also being measured or monitored (for attributes like flow rate, concentration, etc.), pulsations can make readings erratic and less accurate. The smoother flow produced by the introduction of a pulsation dampener can lead to more consistent and accurate measurements.
  • Improved Discharge Pressure Control: Pulsation dampeners can help stabilize discharge pressure, particularly in systems where there are variations in downstream resistance. A more stable discharge pressure can enhance the pump’s dosing accuracy.
  • Prevent Cavitation: In some instances, pulsations can cause pressure levels in the suction line to drop below the fluid's vapor pressure, leading to cavitation. This not only reduces pump efficiency but can also damage the pump. A dampener helps to stabilize pressures and prevent such occurrences.
  • Enhance NPSH (NET Positive Suction Head): For pumps where available NPSH is a concern, pulsations can further exacerbate the problem. By stabilizing the flow, a pulsation dampener can assist in maintaining a consistent suction pressure, preventing potential NPSH-related issues.

Pump without Dampener
Un-dampened pulse

Pump with Dampener
Dampened pulse

Conclusion

Overall, pulsation dampener play a crucial role in maintaining the stability, efficiency, and integrity of fluid system by mitigating pressure pulsations and ensuring a smoother flow.

For metering pumps, a pulsation dampener can be a valuable addition, ensuring smooth and consistent fluid delivery, protecting equipment, reducing noise and vibration, and enhancing overall system reliability and accuracy.